For instance, in a survey conducted in UK, more than a half (52%) of 14.320 transgender respondents identified themselves as NBGQ ( Government Equalities Office, 2018). NBGQ individuals identify themselves with a neither exclusively masculine nor feminine gender, and their gender identity is situated beyond the gender binary, fluctuates between genders, or rejects the gender binary ( Monro, 2019).Įstimates on the prevalence of NBGQ individuals vary among studies. Indeed, the term non-binary and genderqueer (NBGQ) refers to individuals who have a gender identity that does not fall exclusively in man/male or woman/female normative categories. Not all transgender individuals have a binary identity, namely self-identifying as woman if they were male assigned at birth (MAAB) or man if they were female assigned at birth (FAAB) ( Vitelli et al., 2017). Transgender is an umbrella term referring to individuals who have a gender that differs from that normatively expected of their assigned sex. Clinical, health-related social policies, and research recommendations in this field are reported. The only study analyzing the effects of medical interventions on health found that NBGQ female-assigned at birth individuals improved their quality of life after chest surgery.Ĭonclusions: Although scholars are starting to pay attention to the NBGQ health, research needs to be expanded both in terms of methodology and research contents. Results related to the differences in health between NBGQ and cisgender highlighted higher health needs in NBGQ than in BT individuals. Results related to the difference in health between NBGQ and BT were mixed indeed, some found a better health status while others a worse one. All studies were cross-sectional, did not generally recruit a large sample of NBGQ individuals, and used non-probability sample design. No studies assessed psychological interventions aimed at improving health in NBGQ individuals. Among them, 9 were focused on the health differences between NBGQ and BT individuals, 4 of the latter and 1 individually were focused on the health differences between NBGQ and cisgender individuals, and 1 was focused on the evaluation of health outcomes related to medical procedures. Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria for the current systematic review. Methods: The research questions which guided the systematic review were: (1) What are the differences in the health levels between NBGQ and binary transgender (BT) individuals? (2) What are the differences in the health levels between NBGQ and cisgender individuals? (3) Which medical and psychological interventions are most suitable for improving NBGQ health? According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. As literature on the health of NBGQ people is sparse, this study aims at systematically review the limited studies on this field. This population is marginalized and, as such, is at risk of stigmatization and of developing negative health outcomes. A higher proportion of NBGQ people is usually found within young persons. female), not falling exclusively in man/male or woman/female normative categories.
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